О Китае

50

История экспансии Цинов в пределах «внутренней Азии» под водительством ряда исключительно способных императоров в деталях изложена в Peter Perdue, China Marches West: The Qing Conquest of Central Eurasia (Cambridge: Belknap Press, 2005).

51

Cm. J. L. Cranmer-Byng, ed., An Embassy to China: Being the journal kept by Lord Macartney during his embassy to the Emperor Ch'ien-lung, 1793–1794 (London: Longmans, Green, 1962), Introduction, 7–9 (цитируется no: the Collected Statutes of the Qing dynasty).

52

«Lord Macartney's Commission from Henry Dundas» (September 8, 1792), in Pei-kai Cheng, Michael Lestz, and Jonathan pence, eds., The Search for Modern China: A Documentary Collection (New York: W. W. Norton, 1999), 93–96.

53

Там же. С. 95.

54

Macartney's Journal, in An Embassy to China, 87–88.

55

Там же. С. 84–85.

56

Alain Peyrefltte, The Immobile Empire (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1992), 508.

57

Macartney's Journal, in An Embassy to China, 105.

58

Там же. С. 90.

59

Там же. С. 123.

60

Там же.

61

См. Глава 1 «Уникальность Китая».

62

Macartney's Journal, in An Embassy to China, 137.

63

Первый указ Цяньлуна королю Георгу III (сентябрь 1793) см. Cheng, Lestz, and Spence, eds., The Search for Modern China: A Documentary Collection, 104–106.

64

Второй указ Цяньлуна королю Георгу III (сентябрь 1793) см.

in Cheng, Lestz, and Spence, eds., The Search for Modern China: A Documentary Collection, 109.

65

Macartney's Journal, in An Embassy to China, 170.

66

Angus Maddison, The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective (Paris: Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006), Appendix В, 261, Table В -18, «World GDP, 2 Countries and Regional Totals, 0-1998 A.D.».

67

Cm. Jonathan Spence, The Search for Modern China (New York: W. W. Norton, 1999), 149–150; Peyrefltte, The Immobile Empire, 509–511; Dennis Bloodworth and Ching Ping Bloodworth, The Chinese Machiavelli: 3000 Years of Chinese Statecraft (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1976), 280.

68

Peter Ward Fay, The Opium War, 1840–1842 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1975), 68.

69

Peyrefitte, The Immobile Empire, xxii.

70

«Lin Tse-hsu's Moral Advice to Queen Victoria, 1839», in Ssu-yu Teng and John K.