Английский язык для медиков

New words

cell – клетка

independent – независимый

unit – единица

body – тело

all – все

lipid – жир

microenvironment – микровооружение

muscle – мышечный

nervous – нервный

digestive – пищеварительный

life – жизнь

human – человеческий

together – вместе

tissue – ткань

organ systems – системы органов

to function – функционировать

to contain – содержать

membranes – мембраны

protein – протеин

nucleus – ядро

cytoplasm – цитоплазм

different – различный

3.

 Tissue

A tissue is a group of cells working together to do a special job. A histologist is one who specializes in the study of tissues. The cells, of which the tissues are made, contain from 60 to 99 % water. Chemical reactions that are necessary for proper body function are carried on much more readily in a water solution. The water solution and other materials in which the tissues are bathed is slightly salty. It must be mentioned that an insufficiency of tissues fluid is called dehydration and an abnormal accumulation of this fluid caused a condition called edema.

Tissue classification: The 4 main groups of tissues are:

1) epithelial tissue forms elands, covers surfaces and lines cavities;

2) connective tissue holds all parts of the body in Place. This can be fat, cartilage, bone or blood. Blood sometimes is considered a sort of tissue, since it contains cells and performs many of the functions of tissues. However; the blood has many other unique characteristics;

3) nerve tissue conducts nerve impulses all over the body;

4) the muscle tissue is designed for power—producing contractions.

The surface of the body and of the tubes or passages leading to the exterior and the surface of the various cavities in the body are lined by cells which are closely approximated to each other; thus have a small amount of intercellular substance. This lining cellular layer is called epithelium. The nature and consistency of intercellular substance, the matrix, and the amount and arrangement of fibers furnish the basis for the subdivision of connective tissue into three main groups: connective tissue proper, cartilage and bone.

In connective tissue the intercellular substance is soft; in cartilage it is firm, yet flexible and ela stic; in bone it is rigid due to the deposition of calcium salt in the matrix. In multicellular organisms certain cells developed to a high degree the properties of irritability and conductivity.