Время живых машин. Биологическая революция в технологиях

, “Industrial Scale Production of Plasmid DNA for Vaccine and Gene Therapy: Plasmid Design, Production, and Purification,” Enzyme and Microbial Technology 33, no. 7 (2003): 865–83, http://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0229(03)00205-9 (http://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0229(03)00205-9); Kristala L. Jones Prather and Collin H. Martin, “De Novo Biosynthetic Pathways: Rational Design of Microbial Chemical Factories,” Current Opinion in Biotechnology 19, no. 5 (2008): 468–74, http://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2008.07.009 (http://doi.org/10.

1016/j.copbio.2008.07.009); Micah J. Sheppard, Aditya M. Kunjapur, and Kristala L. J. Prather, “Modular and Selective Biosynthesis of Gasoline-Range Alkanes,” Metabolic Engineering 33 (2016): 28–40, http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymben.2015.10.010 (http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymben.2015.10.010).], использовала микроорганизмы для создания новых веществ, например транспортного топлива и лекарств. Скотт Маналис, физик, ставший инженером-биологом[35 - Thomas P. Burg et al., “Weighing of Biomolecules, Single Cells and Single Nanoparticles in Fluid,” Nature 446, no. 7139 (2007): 1066–69, http://doi.org/10.1038/nature05741 (http://doi.org/10.1038/nature05741); Nathan Cermak et al., “High-Throughput Measurement of Single-Cell Growth Rates Using Serial Microfluidic Mass Sensor Arrays,” Nature Biotechnology 34, no. 10 (2016): 1052–59, http://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.3666 (http://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.3666); Arif E. Cetin et al., “Determining Therapeutic Susceptibility in Multiple Myeloma by Single-Cell Mass Accumulation,” Nature Communications 8, no. 1 (2017), http://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01593-2 (http://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01593-2).], внедрил высокочувствительный метод измерения, который разработал для того, чтобы взвешивать отдельные клетки и отслеживать их рост. А вдохновил их всех профессор института Роберт Лангер, который считается самым плодовитым биоинженером в мире[36 - Hannah Seligson, “Hatching Ideas, and Companies, by the Dozens at M.I.T.,” New York Times, November 24, 2012, http://www. nytimes.com/2012/11/25/business/mit-lab-hatches-ideas-and-companies-by-the-dozens.html (http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/25/business/mit-lab-hatches-ideas-and-companies-by-the-dozens.html); Joel Brown, “MIT Scientist Robert Langer Talks about the Future of Research,” Boston Globe, May 8, 2015, http://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2015/05/08/mit-scientist-robert-langer-talks-about-future-research/I0ggn93cxapR8omjcrM1hI/story.htm (http://www.bostonglobe.