Глоссариум по искусственному интеллекту: 2500 терминов. Том 2

Bag-of-words model is a simplifying representation used in natural language processing and information retrieval (IR). In this model, a text (such as a sentence or a document) is represented as the bag (multiset) of its words, disregarding grammar and even word order but keeping multiplicity. The bag-of-words model has also been used for computer vision. The bag-of-words model is commonly used in methods of document classification where the (frequency of) occurrence of each word is used as a feature for training a classifier[131 - Bag-of-words model [Электронный ресурс] https://machinelearningmastery.

ru URL: https://www.machinelearningmastery.ru/gentle-introduction-bag-words-model/ (дата обращения: 11.03.2022)].

Baldwin effect – the skills acquired by organisms during their life as a result of learning, after a certain number of generations, are recorded in the genome[132 - Эффект Балдвина [Электронный ресурс] https://apr.moscow URL: https://apr.

moscow/content/data/6/11 Технологии искусственного интеллекта. pdf (дата обращения: 11.07.2023)].

Baseline is a model used as a reference point for comparing how well another model (typically, a more complex one) is performing. For example, a logistic regression model might serve as a good baseline for a deep model. For a particular problem, the baseline helps model developers quantify the minimal expected performance that a new model must achieve for the new model to be useful[133 - Baseline [Электронный ресурс] https://developers.

google.com URL: https://developers.google.com/machine-learning/glossary#baseline (дата обращения: 28.03.2023)].

Batch – the set of examples used in one gradient update of model training[134 - Batch [Электронный ресурс] https://www.primeclasses.in URL: https://www.primeclasses.in/glossary/data-science-course/machine-learning/batch (дата обращения: 20.06.2023)].

Batch Normalization is a preprocessing step where the data are centered around zero, and often the standard deviation is set to unity[135 - Batch Normalization [Электронный ресурс] https://books.

google.ru URL: https://books.google.ru/books?id=Batch Normalization (дата обращения: 20.06.2023)].

Batch size – the number of examples in a batch. For example, the batch size of SGD is 1, while the batch size of a mini-batch is usually between 10 and 1000.