Грамматические трудности перевода. Английский язык для юристов

 Instead of damages, a plaintiff sometimes asks the court to force the other contractor to carry out the contract, which in English law is called specific performance.

11. When parties are joined in an action, they are called either coplaintiffs or co-defendants, which simply means that more than one party is involved on either side of an action.

12. Both arbitration proceedings and decisions are kept confidential, which is a great advantage in disputes which relate to sensitive matters.

13. The Department of Trade and Industry tries to ensure that British markets are open and competitive, which includes ensuring that mergers and takeovers do not prevent competition among firms.

14. According to the WTO agreement a country can change its binding only after negotiating with its trading partners, which could mean compensating them for loss of trade.

15. Every state has the right to equality in law with every other state, which means that sates have equal rights in court if they become parties to a dispute and receive equal treatment in international organizations.

A jury consists of twelve persons chosen

to decide who has the better lawyer.

Robert Frost

9. Причастия I, II и инфинитив в функции определения

MODELS

Participle I

a) In employment law there are laws forbidding discrimination against people on the basis of their gender, race, religion or age.

Трудовое право включает нормативные правовые акты, запрещающие (= которые запрещают) дискриминацию по признаку пола, расовой принадлежности, религии или возраста.

b) He called for urgent legislation that would allow banks to close down accounts being used for dubious purposes.

Он выступил за скорейшее принятие законов, которые позволят банкам закрывать счета, используемые в сомнительных целях.

Participle II

Any decision reached by the arbitrator is binding on both parties.

Любое решение, вынесенное арбитром, является обязательным для обеих сторон.

Infinitive

1. The Bills to be adopted during the parliament’s three-day session, involve amendments to certain articles of the country’s constitution.

Вынесенные на рассмотрение трехдневной сессии парламента законопроекты содержат поправки к некоторым статьям конституции страны.

2. The quality of cigarettes to be shipped shall correspond to that of the samples approved and confirmed by the parties.