Грамматические трудности перевода. Английский язык для юристов

ЧАСТЬ I

БАЗОВЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

It is legal because I wish it.

Louis XIV

1. Местоимение It

MODELS

1. Предваряющее It

a) It is + adjective

It is necessary to apply for a patent in order to protect a new discovery.

Для того чтобы защитить право на новое изобретение, необходимо дать заявку на получение патента.

b) It is + past participle + that

It is expected that the first month of the trial will be taken up with selecting the jury.

Ожидается, что первый месяц судебного процесса уйдет на выбор состава присяжных.

c) It is + noun + that

It is a common misconception as to the law of contracts that an agreement is not binding if it is not in written form.

В сфере договорного права существует распространенное заблуждение, а именно: соглашение имеет обязательную силу только в случае, если оно заключено в письменной форме.

2. Формальное It

Some people disapprove of law that makes it compulsory to fix seat belts to cars.

Некоторые люди не одобряют закон, согласно которому автомобили должны быть оборудованы ремнями безопасности.

1. It is not usual to haggle about prices in a British shop, as it is in, say, a Turkish market.

2. It is necessary to have a clear picture of a staggering amount of crime and how various classes and strata are affected by it.

3. It is felt that society cannot work if people are allowed to take the property of others at will: therefore theft is forbidden and thieves are punished.

4. People continue to rely on written agreements for years but if a serious disagreement arises they may decide it necessary to take a legal action.

5. The jury is to decide questions of fact, and it is the judge’s responsibility to guide them on questions of law.

6. Most countries find it convenient to set up separate systems of criminal and civil courts.

7. It is important to consider to what extent descriptive and prescriptive laws can be distinguished from customs and social rules.

8. In many legal systems it is an important principle that a person cannot be considered guilty of a crime until the state proves he committed it.

9. Under resolutions which were adopted by the UN General Assembly it is the duty of every state to pursue and punish war criminals.

10. The vagrancy laws, some judges observe, make it a crime to be poor, downtrodden and unemployed.

11.