Империя хлопка. Всемирная история

2 (Washington, DC: Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1933), 689– 90; James Lawrence Watkins, King Cotton: A Historical and Statistical Review, 1790 to 1908 (New York: J. L. Watkins, 1908), 13; Bassett, Peasant Cotton, 33; Mazzaoui, Italian Cotton, 20–21; Bulliet, Cotton, Climate, and Camels, 40; Chaudhuri, “Organisation,” 75.

53

Mahatma Gandhi, The Indian Cotton Textile Industry: Its Past, Present and Future (Calcutta: G. N. Mitra, 1930), 6.

54

Цит. по: Henry Lee, The Vegetable Lamb of Tartary: A Curious Fable of the Cotton Plant (London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington, 1887), 5.

55

Mann, Cotton Trade, 5; Oppel, Die Baumwolle, 39; см.: экспонаты в Museu Textil i d’Indumentaria, Barcelona, Spain.

56

То, что крестоносцы играли решающую роль в представлении отрасли хлопкового текстиля в Европе, подтверждается Baumwolle, словарной единицей в Lexikon des Mittelalters, vol. 1 (Munich: Artemis Verlag, 1980), 1670.

57

Alfred P. Wadsworth and Julia De Lacy Mann, The Cotton Trade and Industrial Lancashire, 1600–1780 (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1931), 15; Mazzaoui, “Cotton Industry,” 263; Ashtor, “Venetian Cotton,” 677.

58

На протяжении двенадцатого века производство хлопка возникло в таких местах, как южная Франция, Каталония, и, наиболее заметно, в Северной Италии. См.: Mazzaoui, “Cotton Industry,” 268; Wescher, “Die Baumwolle,” 1643, 1644; Mazzaoui, Italian Cotton, 114.

59

Mazzaoui, Italian Cotton, 64, 66, 69; Mazzaoui, “Cotton Industry,” 271, 273, 276; Wescher, “Die Baumwolle,” 1643.

60

Mazzaoui, Italian Cotton, 7, 29, 63; Mazzaoui, “Cotton Industry,” 265.

61

Mazzaoui, Italian Cotton, 53; Ashtor, “Venetian Cotton,” 675, 697; Mazzaoui, Italian Cotton, 35; Ashtor, “Venetian Cotton,” 676.

62

Mazzaoui, Italian Cotton, 65–66, 74–82; Angela Lakwete, Inventing the Cotton Gin: Machine and Myth in Antebellum America (Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 2005), 11–12; Mazzaoui, Italian Cotton, 74–82, 89; Mazzaoui, “Cotton Industry,” 274, 275; Bohnsack, Spinnen und Weben, 65–66, 37, 63, 67, 114, 115; см.

: Karl-Heinz Ludwig, “Spinnen im Mittelalter unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Arbeiten‚ cum rota,” Technikgeschichte 57 (1990): 78; Eric Broudy, The Book ofLooms: A History of the Handloomfrom Ancient Times to the Present (Hanover, NH: Brown University Press, 1979), 102; Munro, Textiles, 8, 15.