Империя хлопка. Всемирная история

63

Mazzaoui, Italian Cotton, xi, 29.

64

Mazzaoui, Italian Cotton, 139, 144, 150, 152; Mazzaoui, “Cotton Industry,” 282, 284; Von Stromer, Die Grundung, 84–86; Eugen Nubling, Ulms Baumwollweberei im Mittelalter (Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, 1890), 146.

65

Von Stromer, Die Grundung, 32; Goetz Freiherr von Poelnitz, Die Fugger (Tubingen: J. C. B. Mohr, 1981); Richard Ehrenberg, Capital and Finance in the Age of the Renaissance: A Study of the Fuggers and Their Connections, trans.

H. M. Lucas (New York: Harcourt, 1928).

66

Von Stromer, Die Grundung, 1, 2, 8, 21, 128, 139, 148; Nubling, Ulms Baumwollwebe-rei, 141; Bohnsack, Spinnen und Weben, 152.

67

Mazzaoui, Italian Cotton, 141; Von Stromer, Die Grundung, 88.

68

Mazzaoui, Italian Cotton, 55, 54, 154; Wadsworth and Mann, Cotton Trade, 23; Inalcik, “Ottoman State,” 365; Daniel Go?man, “Izmir: From Village to Colonial Port City,” in Edhem Eldem, Daniel Go?man, and Bruce Masters, eds.

, The Ottoman City Between East and West: Aleppo, Izmir, and Istanbul (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), 79–134.

69

Nubling, Ulms Baumwollweberei, 166.

70

Я употребляю здесь термин «сеть» вместо «система» или «мировая система», так как хочу подчеркнуть неослабевающее значение локального распределения общественных, экономических и политических сил в формировании характера связей между различными частями мира.

Эта идея возникла у меня под влиянием Gil J. Stein, Rethinking World-Systems: Diasporas, Colonies, and Interaction in Uruk Mesopotamia (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1999), 171.

71

Om Prakash, The New Cambridge History ofIndia vol. 2, European Commercial Enterprise in Pre-Colonial India, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998), 23; Surendra Gopal, Commerce and Crafts in Gujarat, 16th and 17th Centuries: A Study in the Impact ofEuropean Expansion on Precapitalist Economy (New Delhi: People’s Publishing House, 1975), 10–11, 18, 26, 28, 58.

72

Celine Cousquer, Nantes: Une capitalefran?aise des Indiennes au XVIIIe si?cle (Nantes: Coi?ard Editions, 2002), 17.

73

Arasaratnam, “Weavers, Merchants and Company:” The Handloom Industry in Southeastern India, 1750–90,” in Tirthankar Roy, ed.