Нижний Новгород. Краткая история

Авиационный завод «Сокол» – разработчик и производитель первого в мире самолета-десантника, бомбардировщика ТБ-3 и бипланов ПО-2, широко применявшихся в годы Великой Отечественной войны.

Судостроительный завод «Красное Сормово» – построил первые советские атомоходы, в том числе ледоколы и прототипы подводных лодок.

Автомобильный завод «ГАЗ» – массовый производитель грузовых автомобилей, автобусов, легковых автомобилей и автокомпонентов под маркой «ГАЗ» с 1930-х годов.

Сейчас в Нижнем Новгороде проживает около 1,2 млн.

человек. Город является важным экономическим, культурным и туристическим центром России.

EN

The city of Nizhny Novgorod was founded in 1221 by Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich at the confluence of the Volga and Oka rivers. Originally it was called Nizhny Novgorod, which means "Lower City". A wooden Kremlin fortress was built on the high right bank of the Oka.

In the 1300s Nizhny Novgorod became an important trade center linking Central Russia with the Urals and Siberia.

The strategic position of the city at the crossroads of major rivers contributed to the development of trade relations. The first stone walls were erected around the Kremlin in 1350.

Under Ivan the Terrible in the 1500s, new massive stone walls, towers and churches were built inside the triangular Kremlin. Outside the walls along the rivers, a commercial quarter and market were formed. In 1583 the first water supply system was built.

By the 1700s Nizhny Novgorod had become a prosperous trading city, where the Makariev Fair, one of the largest markets in Russia, was held.

The merchant class appeared, which contributed to the construction of churches, mansions and cultural institutions. By the 1760s the population reached 30,000 people.

In 1817 Nizhny Novgorod became the capital of its own province. By order of Alexander I, the city was reconstructed, including a new beautiful stone embankment of the Volga River. The first bridges over the Oka River were built, and a theological seminary was opened.

Industrialization accelerated in the late 1800s with the construction of metallurgical plants, steamships and railroads. Famous engineer Vladimir Shukhov built groundbreaking steel structures throughout the city. By 1897, the city had a population of 115,000.

After the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917, some churches were destroyed, but major industries were nationalized and flourished under the communist regime.