Чингисхан. Человек, завоевавший мир

Dyson-Hudson ‘Nomadic Pastoralism,’ Annual Review of Anthropology 9 (1980) pp. 15–61.

49

Krader, Social Organisation pp. 282–283.

50

Barfield, Perilous Frontier pp. 22–23.

51

Jagchid & Hyer, Mongolia’s Culture pp. 20–26.

52

Barfield, Perilous Frontier pp. 23–24.

53

Elizabeth Bacon, ‘Types of Pastoral Nomadism in Central and South-West Asia,’ Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 10 (1954) pp. 44–68.

54

Lawrence Krader, ‘The Ecology of Central Asian Pastoralism,’ Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 11 (1955) pp.

301–326.

55

To say nothing of permafrost. Owen Lattimore established that near Yakutsk the permafrost penetrated the soil to a depth of 446 feet (Lattimore, Studies in Frontier History p. 459).

56

Barfield, Perilous Frontier p. 20.

57

D. L. Coppock, D. M. Swift and J. E. Elio, ‘Livestock Feeding Ecology and Resource Utilisation in a Nomadic Pastoral Ecosystem,’ Journal of Applied Ecology 23 (1986) рр.

573–583.

58

Lattimore, Mongol Journeys p. 165.

59

Rachewiltz, Commentary p. 711.

60

V A. Riasanovsky, Fundamental Principles p. 20; Hyland, Medieval Warhorse p. 126.

61

Buell, Historical Dictionary p. 242.

62

Barfield, Perilous Frontier p. 21.

63

Dawson, The Mongol Mission pp. 98–100.

64

Richard, Simon de St Quentin pp. 40–41.

65

Buell, Historical Dictionary p.

156.

66

Lattimore, Inner Asian Frontiers p. 168; Mongol Journeys p. 198.

67

C. Buchholtz, ‘True Cattle (Genus Bos),’ in Parker, Grzimek’s Encyclopedia, v pp. 386–397; Mason, Evolution pp. 39–45; D. M. Leslie & G. M. Schaller, ‘Bos Grunniens and Bos Mutus,’ Mammalian Species 36 (2009) pp. 1–17.

68

Seth, From Heaven Lake p. 107.

69

Jackson & Morgan, Rubruck p. 158; Yule & Cordier, The Book of Ser Marco Polo i pp. 277–279.

70

Burnaby, Ride; the tradition continues to this day.

The noted traveller Tim Severin described a 400-strong herd as ‘a constantly bawling, groaning, squealing, defecating troop’ (Severin, In Search of Genghis Khan p. 22).

71

Bulliet, Camel p. 30.

72

Peter Grubb, ‘Order Artiodactyla,’ in Wilson & Reeder, Mammal Species (2005) i pp. 637–722; Irwin, Camel pp. tor, 143,161; Bulliet, Camel pp. 143, 227.

73

Irwin, Camel pp. 142–143; E. H.