Чингисхан. Человек, завоевавший мир

Schafer, ‘The Camel in China down to the Mongol Dynasty,’ Sinologica 2 (1950) pp. 165–194, 263–290.

74

Wilson & Reeder, Animal Species p. 645; Lattimore, Mongol Journeys pp. 147–163; Gavin Hanby, Central Asia p. 7; De Windt, From Pekin to Calais pp. 128–129; Bretschneider, Mediaeval Researches i pp. 150–151.

75

Irwin, Camel pp. 53, 176–177; De Windt, From Pekin pp. 109, 128; Hue, High Road in Tartary pp. 132–133.

76

Boyd & Houpt, Przewalski’s Horse. Whereas most wild horses are feral (previously domesticated), the Przewalski’s horse is truly wild (Tatjana Kavar & Peter Dove, ‘Domestication of the Horse; Genetic Relationships between Domestic and Wild Horses,’ Livestock Science 116 (2008) pp.

1–14; James Downs, ‘The Origin and Spread of Riding in the Near East and Central Asia,’ American Anthropologist 63 (1961) pp. 1193–1230).

77

Lattimore, Inner Asian Frontiers p. 168; White, Medieval Technology pp. 15–17.

78

Hendrick, Horse Breeds p. 287; Neville, Traveller’s History p.

14; Severin, In Search of Genghis Khan p. 50.

79

S. Jagchid & C. R. Bawden, ‘Some Notes on the Horse Policy of the Yuan Dynasty,’ Central Asiatic Journal 10 (1965) pp. 246–265 (at pp. 248–250).

80

Carruthers, Unknown Mongolia ii p. 133.

81

Gumilev, Imaginary Kingdom p. 120.

82

Lattimore, Mongol Journeys p. 193: Jagchid & Bawden, ‘Horse Policy,’ pp. 248–250.

83

H. Desmond Martin, ‘The Mongol Army,’ Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 1 (1943) pp.

46–85.

84

Hyland, Medieval Warhorse p. 129.

85

Hyland, Medieval Warhorse p. 131.

86

De Windt, From Pekin p. 112.

87

Hyland, Medieval Warhorse pp. 133–134.

88

Waugh, Marco Polo p. 57.

89

Hyland, Medieval Warhorse p. 130. In any case, ‘Keeping all males entire would have led to absolute chaos in the droves of horses that travelled as back-up mounts in a Mongol army’ (ibid.

p. 129).

90

Hyland, Medieval Warhorse p. 130.

91

Jagchid & Bawden, ‘Horse Policy,’ p. 249–250.

92

Asimov & Bosworth, History of Civilizations iv part 2 p. 282. There are 153 species of mammals, 105 species of fish and 79 of reptiles. The number of bird species is disputed, depending on technical arguments over taxonomy, but is usually assessed as between 459 and 469.

93

Lattimore, Mongol Journeys p. 165.